Social Security

Social Security refers to a set of benefit programs established and run by the federal government. The Social Security program is commonly identified with old age or retirement benefits and with disability benefits. The program was created in 1935 as part of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal initiative. Medicare and Medicaid are also social insurance programs established and administered by the federal government, but they are separate from Social Security. Social Security is a “pay-as-you-go” entitlement program. This means that current tax revenue is used to support current beneficiaries. In other words, there are no assets set aside to fund future benefit payments. When combined with demographic trends (i.e. an aging society), the pay-as-you-go funding approach is a feature that brings into question the sustainability of Social Security. Currently, Social Security is funded largely through payroll or “FICA” taxes which are a blend of employee and employer contributions that come from taxes on the wages of workers and the self-employed. Whether you’re employed or are self-employed, Social Security taxes amount to 10.4% of earnings, with the applicable earnings capped by a ceiling that is adjusted every year. The earliest age to get retirement benefits is 62, but the longer you wait, the higher the benefits. The average Social Security benefit in January 2012 is $1,229 per month. Social Security benefits are inflation-adjusted with increases pegged to the consumer price index (CPI). Social Security is the sole source of retirement income for 22 percent of beneficiaries, and the program is the majority (greater than 50 percent) source of retirement income for 66 percent of beneficiaries.

Mark Warshawsky on the Retirement Income Market

Mark J. Warshawsky is Director of Retirement Research at Towers Watson.

Dr. Warshawsky served as assistant secretary for economic policy at the U.S. Treasury Department from 2004-2006 and he has held senior level economic research positions at the Federal Reserve Board, the Internal Revenue Service and TIAA-CREF.

SOA Offers Consumer-Oriented Content for Retirement Decisions

The Society of Actuaries (SOA) just published a series of short whitepapers or “briefs” that focus on some of the major decisions that are encountered by retirees.

This is a great resource for consumers who are seeking objective content produced by experts.

The Society has clearly made efforts to create content that is accessible to a non professional audience.  The briefs are clear, short and focus on consumer-relevant topics such as “when should I retire.”

There are 11 briefs, and the topics include:

Treasury Department Focuses on Longevity Risk with Retirement Income Guidance

The Treasury Department just released a proposed set of regulations that could have a meaningful impact on the retirement income market in the U.S.

The Treasury’s guidance package builds on feedback received in response to the request for comments issued by the Labor and Treasury Departments last fall.

The proposed regulations appear to be squarely focused on longevity risk.  The basis for this concern—particularly as it pertains to the middle class—is summarized in the following chart:

Chained CPI Could Short-Change Retirees

Congress is considering an alternative inflation measure as part of its deficit reduction initiatives.

The alternative inflation measure is known as the chained consumer price index or chained CPI.  The chained CPI includes an adjustment mechanism that presumably accounts for consumers switching to substitute goods and services when a similar category of goods or services experiences rapid price increases.

The overall result of this adjustment for substitutes is a price index that that increases at a slower pace than other price indexes such as the CPI-W or CPI-U.

Why the CPI-E should be the Focus of Seniors Concerned about Inflation

A price index such as the consumer price index (CPI) is intended to provide a rough gauge of the general direction of prices in the economy.

An increasing consumer price index represents price inflation while a decreasing price index may provide an indication of deflation.

Average Social Security Benefit Increases to $1,229 per Month

The first Social Security cost of living adjustment (COLA) since 2009 will go into effect in January 2012.

Social Security beneficiaries will receive a 3.6 percent cost of living adjustment beginning in January.  This 3.6 percent increase is equivalent to an average of $43 per month for each program participant.

This is welcome news to 55 million program beneficiaries—many of whom are largely reliant on Social Security.

After the increase, the average monthly Social Security benefit will be $1,229.

GAO Retirement Income Study Bullish on Annuities

At the request of Wisconsin Senator Herb Kohl, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) just released a study that provides an assessment of the current state of the retirement income market in the United States.

For those interested in retirement income, the study is full of interesting data and conclusions.  Some of the highlights include:

Retirement Planning Options

What options are available to a soon-to-be retired household that is financially constrained?  What levers can be pulled if desired retirement spending is not realistic in light of retirement savings?

The financial profile we developed in related articles offers a case study of a financially constrained household.

What the Average American Retiree Can Afford to Spend

Previous articles in this series discussed the financial profile of William--the head of the typical American household that is approaching retirement.
 
We concluded that it is very unlikely that William will be able to sustain a retirement spending rate that is based on 85 percent of his pre-retirement income.

Will You be Able to Retire?

Roughly 10,000 Americans will retire each day for the next nineteen years.  Many millions of these retirees will have financial profiles that are considered statistically average.  

What, exactly, does it mean to be financially average, and what might retirement look like for the average person or household?  How might the financial aspects of retirement play-out for you, your parents, or your family and friends?  

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