Teresa Ghilarducci is a 51 year old economist who directs the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School in New York.
Why was Ghilarducci--who sure looks like a nice person in her picture--labeled the most dangerous woman in America in a recent US News & World Report column?
The short answer is that she thinks 401k plans stink and she is not afraid to let the world know.
Ghilarducci is the author of a recent book titled: When I'm 64: The Plot Against Pensions and the Plan to Save Them. Ghilarducci uses the book to lay-out the case against the 401k plan and to advocate an alternative which would involve a retirement system run by the government rather than the private sector.
Among her criticisms are the following:
- 401ks are voluntary and not enough people actually participate.
- Levels of savings for those who do participate are completely inadequate.
- Mutual fund management fees are excessive and eat away at the savings of 401k participants.
- Not enough employers make matching contributions to 401ks.
- 401k plans are highly regressive. In other words, those who benefit most from the system and the tax advantages are higher income earners. Those at the lower end of the income spectrum benefit least.
These criticism are well founded and are not entirely novel. What has the industry and certain parts of the media up in arms is Ghilarducci's proposed alternative to the status quo.
Ghilarducci advocates mandatory contributions from employers and employees that would total 5% of income. The retirement program would be administered by the government, but the plan assets would remain private property of each employee. The program also calls for the government to guarantee a return of at least 3% over the rate of inflation.
Pretty interesting and provocative ideas that we'll continue to follow--Ghilarducci must be on to something to have received the strong reactions that have surfaced thus far.
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Anonymous replied on Permalink
401KPLANS
IT'S ABOUT TIME SOMEONE STARTS LOOKING OUT FOR THE WORKING MEN & WOMEN OF AMERICA, ALOT OF US ARE TRYING TO DO THE RIGHT THING WITH OUR SAVINGS, BUT IT SEEMS THAT WE JUST AREN'T GETTING ANYWHERE, TERESA GHILARDUCCI KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK, I WILL BE FOLLOWING YOU..THANKS.
William replied on Permalink
Please please please. Do you
Please please please. Do you know what that would do to the very large Insurance Industry? And why does the government want to create all these insurance pools including Healthcare and retirment? So they can use the funds to furhter entitlement programs like this one and more. Stop the Spending!
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
Where's the "socialism"?
What part of "the plan assets would remain private property of each employee" was too hard for you to understand?
Like most mindless "conservatives" (as distinct from the thoughtful kind) your knee-jerk reaction to every proposal for a government program is to scream "Socialism!", and then turn off your brain.
Are the Police, Fire and Sanitation departments Socialism? Are our courts, public prosecutors, interstate highways?
Socialism rejects the notion of private property. This proposal would make each account private property. Therefore, this is not "Socialism!".
Whether it's a good idea is a different question; one that can't be answered by knee-jerk responses, and mindless repetition of empty rhetoric!
Charles replied on Permalink
The fact is this... It is a
The fact is this... It is a socialist program. It will be enforced as another social security tax that is already taken out of every worker's paycheck. It is forcing the worker into another 3rd party program which the government has control over - forcing us to directly fund another program that the American people wouldn't want anyway.
For you to bring police, fire, and sanitation into it is just plain stupid. Everyone knows that they're run by states and municipalities.
This program is completely different. It will be run by the federal government. They will take your money and put it into government owned companies like Amtrak and GM. Since the federal government also runs the federal reserve, they will simply print the money to cover the losses. (There WILL be losses) - This will only increase inflation and diminish the value of the dollar - driving this country deeper and deeper into the red.
Jere F. Moore replied on Permalink
"Are the Police, Fire and
"Are the Police, Fire and Sanitation departments Socialism? Are our courts, public prosecutors, interstate highways?"
Of course not, but what has that to do with picking the pocket of one person for the benefit of another, which is, most certainly, socialism? Also, the author specifically states that the goal is to "spread the wealth," and the only way to do that is to take from one and give to another, as in "from him according to his means to him according to his need." Sound familiar? I suppose you do not see that as socialism, either, but then I suspect that you would not consider anything as socialism that puts your neighbor's money into your pocket.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
When the goverment is
When the goverment is REQUIRED to see that the fund maintains a growth rate of at least 3% over the inflation rate, it becomes a social program. Why? Because then tax dollars are the only way to insure those kind of earnings, particulary in recessionary cycles. While her heart is in the right place, it's a bad idea.
Any Nanny Mouse replied on Permalink
I can't stand people who
I can't stand people who don't know how to set a budget for their lives. Hey, socialist pigs: keep your hands off my money. You need to spend less and save more. Americans need to learn the hard way that socialism will not save the country when the sense of entitlement is so high.
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
What part of "the plan assets
What part of "the plan assets would remain private property of each employee" was too hard for you to understand?
Like most mindless "conservatives" (as distinct from the thoughtful kind) your knee-jerk reaction to every proposal for a government program is to scream "Socialism!", and then turn off your brain.
Are the Police, Fire and Sanitation departments Socialism? Are our courts, public prosecutors, interstate highways?
Socialism rejects the notion of private property. This proposal would make each account private property. Therefore, this is not "Socialism!".
Whether it's a good idea is a different question; one that can't be answered by knee-jerk responses, and mindless repetition of empty rhetoric!
George Peacock replied on Permalink
socialize
While it is somewhat paternalistic and as one person suggested, dictatorial, it's not really that socialist if the "private account" remains. And, as proposed, what savvy investor wouldn't jump at a "riskless" 3% real return?
The issue I have with it is how does the government guarantee a 3% above inflation return.That sound like circular trouble to me.
Also, since the contributions would be made from you and your employer (an extension of you in a way) and then given back to you (asnd not to others -- no redistribution in this plan as proposed) at a riskless 3% return, it hardly strikes me as more "entitlement."
In the end, I am not in favor of it as proposed. But it's not an entitlement other than the idea that EVERY participant would circumvent risk for a 3% real return, thus entitling everyone to grow their purchasing power.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
alternative 401K plan
That is insanity. Giving the government any control over people's retirement would wind up in as big a mess as Social Security. We all know how well that's worked out. If they want to be pro-active, let them set regulation on the fees paid to administrate the 401K with a minimum return percentage. That should be the extent of their interference.
italiangirl2020 replied on Permalink
Social Security/Retirement
Actually Social Security HAS worked out...I'm getting it now. It's not a lot but it helps. I'm sure nobody would turn away a social security check. I put money in and now I am getting it back for the rest of my life.
keith replied on Permalink
i submitted the last page
i submitted the last page
William replied on Permalink
Really, Keith and others?
I appreciate your candor and excitement over the possibility of getting a retirement plan from the government. After seizing all retirement assets privately worked for and earned. So, what if you make 50K for 20yrs you pay-in $2,500/yr or $50K. And I make $150K for 10yrs, I pay in $7,500/yr or $75K and $200K for 10 yrs anothee $10,000/yr or $100K, I would pay-in $300,000 in 20 yrs. Let me ask you, do you think we will get paid the same amount from the government if we are the same age and have the same life expectancies? Hmmmmmmmm. you'd outlive yours and I wouldnt, thereby taking rather than giving. Nice Ponzi Scheme dont you think? You see, we ran from tyranny and oppression to fen for ourselves, you and me included. The less they take from us, the better prepared you are to take care of yourself. THink first !!!
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
Where did you get the idea
Where did you get the idea that Ghilarducci is planning on seizing any retirement assets (let alone all of them)?
What part of "the plan assets would remain private property of each employee" was too hard for you to understand?
Like most mindless "conservatives" (as distinct from the thoughtful kind) your knee-jerk reaction to every proposal for a government program is to scream "Socialism!", and then turn off your brain.
Are the Police, Fire and Sanitation departments Socialism? Are our courts, public prosecutors, interstate highways?
Socialism rejects the notion of private property. This proposal would make each account private property. Therefore, this is not "Socialism!".
Whether it's a good idea is a different question; one that can't be answered by knee-jerk responses, and mindless repetition of empty rhetoric!
So, when will you start "thinking for yourself", and stop being just another Republi-Con parrot?
Anonymous replied on Permalink
Economics 401K
Wow! The Govt. will force us to contribute to a "retirement plan" and the benevolently "redistribute" it to us as they see fit when we retire. Despite what her bogus claims are, the 401k is one of the most successful and important plans to help individuals save for retirement that we have ever had...far better the Govt. ponzi scheme, social security, which is going broke. The 401k is avaiable to all who work for a cmployee who provids one (and most do) regardless of income level. It is completely voluntary and individuals can contribute as they want or can afford. And, most can chose the type of investment. It's freedom of choice. What is most frightening is how many Americans are willing to give up even more of their economic freedom to government in the false name of security.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
She's right - the 401(k)
She's right - the 401(k) system as advertised is one big scam. It won't adequately prepare the average worker for retirement. In fact, it benefits the financial services industry much more than investors. Do your banking with a credit union. Invest directly with a company that operates on a not-for-profit basis, like Vanguard or TIAA-CREF (cut out the middle man, like a stockbroker). And when you hear the bloodsuckers in the for-profit segment of the financial services industry howl, tell them exactly where to go.
George Peacock replied on Permalink
Yes, she is right. As are
Yes, she is right. As are you.
There is still, of course, the issue of asset alllocation, the "correct" answer to which is unknowable and therefore a risk and an understandable source of stress and confusion for the majority of people.
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
She has facts to back up her
She has facts to back up her claim that the 401(k) system has failed. What do you have? Just right-wing "talking points" and ideology.
What part of "the plan assets would remain private property of each employee" was too hard for you to understand?
Like most mindless "conservatives" (as distinct from the thoughtful kind) your knee-jerk reaction to every proposal for a government program is to scream "Socialism!", and then turn off your brain.
Are the Police, Fire and Sanitation departments Socialism? Are our courts, public prosecutors, interstate highways?
Socialism rejects the notion of private property. This proposal would make each account private property. Therefore, this is not "Socialism!".
Whether it's a good idea is a different question; one that can't be answered by knee-jerk responses, and mindless repetition of empty rhetoric!
What's frightening is how many people (like you) believe ideology is a substitute for reality!
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
Sorry, that Comment was
Sorry, that Comment was misplaced. It's supposed to be in reply to the Comment of Tue, 10/05/2010 - 12:59.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
While high income people may
While high income people may benefit the most from the tax advantages of 401ks I think we should remember that there are great benefits for lower income people as well under our current plan such as the Roth 401k and Roth IRA. For people in lower tax brackets they have the huge advantage of being able to save in account that will allow both their contributions and earnings to be withdrawn completely tax free.
cmm912 replied on Permalink
From my cold, dead hands.....
I am very sorry people, but America IS NOT A SOCIALIST COUNTRY!!! I WORK HARD FOR MY MONEY, AND UNLESS I CHOOSE TO GIVE IT AWAY, OBAMA WILL HAVE TO PRY IT FROM MY COLD, DEAD HANDS!!!! THIS IS WHAT DICTATORS DO - THEY DECIDE WHAT, AND HOW MUCH, YOU CAN HAVE, EVEN THOUGH YOU PAID FOR IT!!!! For all of you people who want to live under Socialism, there are plenty of countries you can MOVE TO (I will even buy your one-way ticket!), so STOP TRYING TO CHANGE AMERICA!!! I am a 53 year old woman, and I NEVER thought that I would some day, perhaps literally, be fighting against a tyrannical government in my own country!! But you can bet that I WILL, if necessary! And with each passing day, it looks more and more necessary.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
You probably work for one of
You probably work for one of the big corporations or banks that are stealing us blind. Corporate Welfare is the problem. Not socialism. Take a graduate economics course!
Anonymous replied on Permalink
You don't have to
You don't have to "take a graduate economics course" course to see that govt intervention "on our behalf" is a poison pill. You take graduate economics courses to brainwash yourself into thinking personal accountability is an obsolete notion and that corporations and banks are all evil, you elitist jackass.
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
So, all government
So, all government intervention is a "poison pill"? I take it, then, you'd rather we never passed the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts. That way the "pure, perfect, sacred, and holy" free market could continue to poison us without that nasty "tyrannical" government acting to protect us!
cmm912 replied on Permalink
P.S.
P.S., for those who pooh-pooh accusations of Socialism, Teresa Ghilarducci is an "on again-off again" member of the Democrat Socialist Party. Verifiable online.
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
To cmm912 , writing on Mon,
To cmm912 , writing on Mon, 10/18/2010 - 10:36:
Since there's no such thing as the "Democrat Socialist Party" (anymore than there's a "Republi-Con Fascist Party"), you've just demonstrated more brain dead right-wing rhetoric, instead of rationality!
Again, please explain how a plan that creates private assets that will remain the private property of the employees constitutes "Socialism!"?
Redhed100 replied on Permalink
You are incorrect sir...
Yes there is.......
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America
Anonymous replied on Permalink
Another example of the slow
Another example of the slow erosion of our freedoms!
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
"The slow erosion of our
"The slow erosion of our freedoms." How so? If we, the voters of this country, choose to elect a government that creates such a system, isn't that an exercise of our freedoms?
Redhed100 replied on Permalink
A Representative Republic
You do realize we are a republic and not a democracy, correct? No, I don't feel that most of those elected are doing the bidding of their constituents. I think they get elected on that promise, but most tend to end up fattening their pockets while in DC, voting for whatever creates more wealth for them. So anything that most of them vote on and it becomes law is NOT what the constituents asked for.
Therefore, I would never trust those that cannot even run a Senate cafeteria, a post office, Social Security, Veteran's Affairs, on & on.........
Have you ever been to a Social Security office? Have you called one? It is the worst, most inefficient, archaic system ever. The customer service is non-existent. Try the VA, you get the same result. So regardless of whether they are managing the program or not, if they are involved it is going to suck. Why do you think the govt buys $40 hammers? It is because no private company wants to deal with them. They raise their prices to something ridiculous in the hope that the government sees the pricing and will go away. They are too difficult to deal with. Doesn't this tell you anything? Why would you even trust the management of your retirement to the government? We have FREE WILL for a reason. Free will is what you exercise when you decide how much you will save for retirement. No one should make you do anything. If you do, great, if you don't, it isn't anyone's fault but your own. How ridiculous that we aren't taking responsibility for our own actions.
Considering that you are a liberal, can I ask one question?
I always was under the impression that liberals were very fervent for freedom of speech, tolerance for beliefs, and that it was patriotic for someone to be against or protest the government. Why is it that this only works when a liberal agrees with the speech, the belief, and the message?
Please, enlighten me. :)
George Peacock replied on Permalink
elections
Yes, if we actually did choose. But gerrymandering and money distort the process.
The financial crisis and reaction (or rather, lack of a reaction) is a function of the economic forces playing far more large a role in "running the country" than the electorate. The banks weren't bailed out (and made even bigger and stronger and too bigger to fail) by the electorate but by the financial oligarchy of the major banks.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
I CAN NOT believe what I am
I CAN NOT believe what I am reading in this article. I feel like I've just woken up to a communist country or a George Orwell novel. Why is it that every liberal's answer to any issue is a government take-over of the private system? The Feds can't even figure out how to deliver the mail without losing millions upon millions of dollars (or social security for that matter), yet I am to believe that government can do a better job with my 401(k) that I can??!! What a joke!!
Anonymous replied on Permalink
The very people who time and
The very people who time and again prove beyond a doubt that they cannot manage money competently want to take over my retirement funds to "protect" me. How else can we attempt to wreck this wonderful country?
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
Actually, it's people like
Actually, it's people like you who make me think I'm living in Orwell's 1984. For you any government program is a "take over" (even when it's not)!
Bill replied on Permalink
She is not on to something
Why do you say, "Ghilarducci must be on to something" because she has provoked some strong reactions? Is that the litmus test for good ideas? Was Hitler "on to something" because he provoked strong reactions? I know that is an extreme example, but I think you present a logical fallacy to infer her ideas are sound because she has provoked a lot of reaction.
tom replied on Permalink
Advocating Facts
On to something in the sense that the basis for the case she is making is credible and factual.
Fact of the matter is that the defined contribution system is regressive and--in the current form--does not serve as an adequate pillar of retirement funding for the vast majority of Americans: http://www.annuitydigest.com/news/some-sobering-401k-statistics
George Peacock replied on Permalink
onto something
I am afraid that Bill is right on this one. The aurthor very clearly makes the link between being "onto something" and the reaction. The author neither says nor implies anything about the plan being credibel or factual. You are welcome to infer it, if you wish (and I am sympathetic to what she is trying to do), but it is, as Bill writes, sloppy writing at best.
Etaoin Shrdlu replied on Permalink
Dear Bill: At last! An
Dear Bill:
At last! An intelligent Comment, that doesn't consist solely of empty rhetoric and brain dead ideology.
Yes, the fact that something provokes controversy is no measure of its validity. (Though I agree the comparison to Hitler is a poor one. There's nothing dictatorial about Ghilarducci's ideas.)
But the "conservatives" should also remember that popularity is no measure of validity either. However rich the Limbaugh's and Beck's of this world become by spewing their bile, it remains just bile.
(After all, going by popularity, both the ideas of FDR and Reagan are "valid"!)
Anonymous replied on Permalink
"There's nothing dictatorial
"There's nothing dictatorial about Ghilarducci's ideas."
Did you miss the mandatory 5% part?
Anonymous replied on Permalink
Etaoin, Are you an
Etaoin,
Are you an American?
CHK
Anonymous replied on Permalink
"Ghilarducci advocates
"Ghilarducci advocates mandatory contributions from employers and employees that would total 5% of income."
Mandatory contributions. Nope, nothing wrong here, just the government forcing us to pay for retirement twice. During the fight to enact SS, the government swore it wasn't a tax, and yet when it went before the SCotUS, it suddenly became a tax (because that is something the government is actually allowed to do). Now, we'll have another mandatory tax to fund our retirement...oh hey, did anyone else notice that they didn't get their own private lockbox with their SS contributions in it? Wow, I wonder what happened with that whole notion...
"The retirement program would be administered by the government..."
And we believe that the government is going to be able to do this properly because....(crickets). The federal government is *always* more inefficient and less effective in these matters. Hence their need to mandate contributions. If the federal government had a better plan, they wouldn't need to mandate it, everyone would be lining up to take advantage of it!
"The program also calls for the government to guarantee a return of at least 3% over the rate of inflation."
Ahhh, and there's the kicker...how do you suppose that the government will *guarantee* a return of at least 3% plus inflation on a free market based economy, eh? Let me think...how does the government guarantee anything it does, hmmmm?!??!
Get your head out of your ass and realize that the only thing that the crooks up in the beltway care about is how to separate more money from your pockets to line their's. Control over funds of this nature ("administer") means power, and that's all they care about. Wasn't it the liberals from the 60s that were always warning us about "the man"...well, the federal government is "the man" and its grown huge (bloated beyond belief) and over powered.
Funding the federal government shouldn't be our primary goal in life. So, honestly, when will it be enough? When will the government be big enough for you beta-male sycophants slavering at the government trough? Maybe we'll get lucky and all of the evil rich people (read, productive people) finally leave this country and let the system collapse under its own (dead) weight....and good riddance!
George Peacock replied on Permalink
I agree with most of what you
I agree with most of what you say. In her defense, and I could be wrong, I think she is just thinking
She cannot be placing her trust in "the government" running it well or not changing it. That is, I think she is thinking of the idea but not the implementation. As you say, how in the world can the guarantee the 3% ABOVE inflation. That seems circular (ponzi-sh) to me.
For the record, I always understood that social security was never meant to be or sold as private account or "lockbox." But that idea was raised and killed pretty quickly recently. Gore took that SNL hit on "lockbox" and it could have cost him the election.
George Peacock replied on Permalink
strong reaction
Yes, that was a fairly typical journalistic shortcut and, as you point out, should be sticken. That should not be the the metric for being "onto something."
Anonymous replied on Permalink
Better idea
Let's take a mandatory 8.5% of our paycheck and put it into these private accounts. Then, take a matching 8.5% from our employer, and put it into a public pool as a safety net. We could call the public part "Social Security." Oops, sorry, this skips the part where government expands, never mind.
Dale Faulkner replied on Permalink
Retirement accounts.
Ms. Ghilarducci,
You need to keep your hands off my money! I will invest it, I will spend it how I see fit and I don't want nor will I accept you telling me I have to give the gov. 3% so you can invest it. Man up, take care of your life, your money and your family and keep gov. out of my wallet and my bedroom!
George Peacock replied on Permalink
3% real return
I think any investor in their right mind would accept a guaranteed return of 3% in excess of inflation. There is no place on earth to get such an offer.
In fact, that's my problem with the plan. Taxpayers would really be funding such a promise and if our representatives in the governement debase the currency through inflation (on purposes or by accident), we'll all be footing the bill to pay ourselves. Circular.
Anonymous replied on Permalink
Isn't the Social Security
Isn't the Social Security Trust Fund full of IOU'S? - and the Country is broke! It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out how the Government would handle this idea of yours. No thanks Teresa. I'll (have) prepare for my own retirement. Your time would be better spent influencing people to understand the benefits of individual responsibility.
CHK
George Peacock replied on Permalink
1/2
While it is certainly useful to promote personal responsibility and there are flaws and risks in what she suggests (how the governement might handle/change the deal over time, for example), it is impractical to expect an entire nation of people to be savvy investors and understand risks. Yes, advisors can be hired but I would arhgue that the world, being as complex as it is, is not understood by advisors, either. The recent dot.com and financial crises being excellent examples. And the past is of limited to no use.
Defined Benefit plans worked because they were paternalisitc - non-voluntary and simple. They worked far far better than the voluntary and complicated (for most people) 401(k) options some people have today.
I have no idea why she thinks it is a good idea to guarantee a 3% real return (above the inflation rate). That strikes me as circulalr and dangerous,
Mike replied on Permalink
Why Should I Settle for a return of Inflation + 3%?
As someone in their late 30's who has been contributing to a 401k since I started working out of college and investing it wisely, why would I want to settle for a return of inflation + 3%? The time value of money (compounding, etc.) is what makes my 401k grow. The further away from retirement I am, the more risk and return I accept yielding greater growth of my 401k in my earlier years. Closer to retirement, I'm basically maintaining the balance and trying to keep up with inflation. Why would I want to do that from the beginning?
Also, considering rates are so low now, wouldn't it cost the Federal Government a ton of money to make up the difference? Wouldn't the fact that everyone was investing in the same vehicle drive down the yield and prices of government bonds, thereby costing the Fed even more money?
And how am I supposed to trust that the money will be there when I retire?
What happens to the other social security taxes I already pay? Am I supposed to pay that plus this new thing? Do I no longer get credit for all the money I've paid into the system that is not supposed to be there when I retire, anyway?
I'd have to sit down and run the numbers and see if it made sense to liquidate my 401k and pay the early withdrawal penalty plus income taxes to see if it would make out better than what I'd be "promised".
Can you imagine all the plan custodians and investment houses out there would lose all that fee revenue? I can't see how this could possibly happen.
Last point, I don't even come close to making $250k a year, but I'm tired of the "higher income earner" labels and such. If the government is really going to pursue such projects, then they should seriously consider making adjustments for cost of living across the country. $250k a year in the midwest is good living. $250k a year in Silicon Valley...well it means you can barely afford a basic home that costs $800k in an ok neighborhood with a crappy school system.
Thanks for listening.
George Peacock replied on Permalink
settling
Even the most savvy investor would be happy to have a substantial component of his or her assets returning a guaranteed, real return of 3%. That's not so far from the long term much riskier return of the broad stock market.
You say you invested "wisely," but I would encourage you to at least have a portion of your brain constantly assessing the role of luck. Hindsight bias (consequentialism) is powerful and things don't always have to happen as we predict or as they have in the past.
You also say the more "risk and return" you accept. In fact, when you increase risk, you do not necessarily increase return (which should be obvious to most who invest in Powerball). To get great return, one must accept more risk, that much is true according to the theory. But taking more risk does not LEAD to greater return, it leads to greater variability, which means risk of loss, as well. We would also do ourselves a favor to remember that.
Yes, investment houses and custodians would take a hit. Would that be so bad? Are those really productive services to an economy or articifically created by regulation/system? What real value do they create? They would be "right-sized to take care of the useful roles of banking and investing, allocating capital. The accounting profession is similar. Not necessary (at least on the personal side). The proof is that with a pure flat tax, the government would still get revenue and the industry would be largely unnecessary.
I agree with you regarding "high income earners," but rather than creating a system that "adjusts" for costs of living, which involves rigging and decising and models, let's just stop discriminating altogether.